Location finder for microscopes



Sept. 6, 1932. c. F. SULZNER 1,875,176

LOCATION FINDER FOR MICROSCOPES Filed Dec. .16. 1950 @1 VERT. ZERO VERT-ZERO HOR. ZERO Inn:

lnlmmlmmll IVER'EZERO 10 7 xii M 6 v Patented Sept. 6, 1932 Y I IUNITED" STATES- PATENT when i mmifiasim v wa hbasins-fie maniests-secessv I Apfilicatiort area nee nbegiegisd semi-1m when. I

This invention relates to microscope ac axis ofjthe stage asdistinguished from the" ce'ssories and parti-eula rly to means-for"defiuseiottheends-or sideedges-jof thesta-ge; v 1 nitely locatinganohjzect onamicroscope slide. A further-object is to provide a pos-itiqnI In the use of microscopes-having highrp'ower finder which; wil beuniversal in its appli-';- d cbjectives, it is sometimes extremelydifficult cability to all microscopes" and to all stages,

relocate particularly small object', Withinprovided these stages havebeenn arhed with the field covered by the .f covei'pgl-ass of the thezero lines crossing; the optical axis of the slide. Thus, for example;the fieldmay in tag jSO that the finding means; may be ap H elude a verylarge number of diatoms 'sc'atpliedto anyand either stage withoutregard;

i tered irregularly over-thea'rea protected; by toifts na'ke or specialconstruction; A" the cover glassand it may be that out of all- A furtheroh ect is to providemeansof this I the diatoms disposed in this area}:only one character which is, very simple very accuratediatom isof greatimportance and to -be oh- 'an W -i m y y 1S l-;,

,., erved. H110 means is provided whereby the r 1 .ther ob ects w appearin th Gourse f position of thisparticular diatom may he 10- thefio-llowing descrlptiong u cated the obs'erve r,= who is desirous ofagain My inv n n 18 illl hj ed in the accomj viewing that same diatom,and though: he is P. ly ng-d2LWlIlg,,Wher61 n3- A H A I thoroughlyacquainted with the diatom and Elg re 1; is a topplan vlew'o famicroscope V M may havemountedifi-yet isobliged toishift stage marked inaccordance with my inventhe slide inall'dire cti'ons' overthe stage oftion;

the'microscope and as'methodicallyas'possible o'Figiu 2 1 w Of111391050696 pass over all the b-eneath 'the'cover'glass stage showingaslight variation in the mark before ho'c'an' locate-theparticularobject-he ingirom shown in Figure'la v isa-fter and if thisistrueof thepersonwho Figure?) 1s a top, plan View of a microf hasmounted the slide and Who-knows the scopestageshowing moreextensive'igraduagenerallocationofthis particular diatomandtionsfthereon; I I v I f its-character, it'i-s still nidretrue otsomeone 1Figure/lis atop plan view 0fa3=sq1iare else tow'hointhe slide mayhave'b'een sent which may be used for marking stage a and who wishes: toobserve this particular and for indicatingthe position of the slide datom for comparison or identific'ationfl thereon;v N V QI While I haveabove refierred-t'o the difli'cuh' Figure 5 is atop plan View of oneform of" t-y 0ilocatin anindividuetdiato,m on a' slide, iny improvedlocation finder; 4| 1 v 1 it is obvious that it may?be moresdiflicult'toFigure 6 is a top plan view of a modifiedlocate a partic'ular'bacillusorother object, as 'fo-rn of this location finder;- l for instance, so1neohject'in-tissue Whiclrmay' n Figure .7 is a ,top plan view of anadjusts;

be the only important object on the" entire" ble location finder;

slide and-Which-Inay he anaemia-11 is not'at" F';gure 8 is a sectionalview" through o'ne the optical center of the slide) of thelocation'findersshown in-elevation-the- I The general ob" 'ect ofmyiinvenfion,--therenut; and clamping spring-therefor; a tore, isto'provide-means whereby object My improved location}finder-is ito he usedmay he located upoma slide with idea-onto in connection withamicroscopegstage ;hav the opti'calce'nter ofthe' stage-of the ini'cro--ing-thereon the zerolines hereafiterigeferred; scope so that thereafterthe slide Emav" he" to. Such a stage is ill-ustTated --in Figure Aplacedin exactly thesameipositiofieitheron and designated 10. Thestageis as-penal the same stage or tlie'stage otanotlier-"rnicrorectangular; inform and formed w-ith' tlw scope and'the ohjectfoundwithcelerity' a'-nd= usual-centralopeninga looated at the-opticalaccuracv and a further object inthis "con axis-pfthe microscopes0-tha*t;tl-1e optiqa-laxig nectionis-to provide apositionfinder whichof the microscopefpasss thno ughthe-"axis" nsed inconnectioii withamicroscopestage' ofthe stage itself. ll 'have '-not.attefi1pted-t0-having zero lines which cross the opticalillustrate the stagein-detail-asmy:deviceis applicable to all rectangular stages and havemerely indicated an ordinary stage.

Marked upon the upper surface of the stage are two zero lines at rightangles to each other, one 11 extending through the optical axis of thestage in what I will call a verti cal direction and the other extendingthrough the optical axis of the stage horizontally and, therefore,intersecting the line 11 at right angles. I have referred tothese lines11 and 12 as extending entirely across the stage, but it is to beunderstood that they need not do so, and these lines may extend eitherfrom the center outward toward the edges of the of the stage orfrom theedges of the stage inwardtoward the center as shown in Figure 2 and itis within the purview of my invention to have the lines extend whollyacross .the stage or partly across the stage as desired.

InFigure 3, I have illustrated a stage in which the lines 11 and 12 orvertical and horizontal zero lines are paralleled by a series ofvertical and horizontal lines extending across the stage at right anglesto each other dividing the stage up into parallelograms, each coveringan area of a certain number of square centimeters or any other desiredunit. I'preferably employ a millimeter as the unit of measurement,though we do not wish to be limited to this. Each square defined by thehorizontal and vertical lines is in turn divided up into millimeters,both vertically and horizontally.

While I do not wish to be limited to any particular means whereby thestage may be marked, as the stage may be initially marked withthezero'lines or subordinate horizontal and vertical lines at'the factoryitself, yet

preferably a modified form of T-square is used for this purposedesignated 13 in Figure 4, this square having the blade 14k and the head15.

The vertical head is disposed at right angles to the horizontal bladeand is disposed on a level below the blade so that this head may lieagainst the side edge of the stage and" the blade extend transversely ofthe stage. Thissquare 13 is preferably made of thin metal or otherequivalent material and the blade is graduated in millimeters as at 16.The instrument is provided with a stage engaging spring 17 in Figure 8held in place by a nut 18 engaging the screw 19. In the use of thisdevice for the purpose of marking the stage, the blade 14c is placedhorizontally ont-he stage so that when viewed through the microscopewith a low power, it occupies just half of the field of vision. Whenthat position is secured, this line marker square may be clamped firmlyto the stage by means of the nut 18 and the accuracy of the positionverified by again looking through the miscrescope. Then, with a fineneedle, the horizontal zero lines may be cut or scratched along the edgeof the blade. The graduations 16 also make it possible to transfer tothe stage any number of the millimeter spaced lines which may be used asstarting points for lines extending parallel to the vertical zero lineor for making a Vernier scale alongone edge of the instrument as shownin Figure 3. The line marker square may be used similarly, to bi-sectthe field of vision perpendicularly or vertically so as to mark uponthestage the vertical zero line or lines 11 or any accompanying lines inwhole or in part. White or colored paint or cement may be rubbed intothe lines, cuts, or scratches on the stage, so as to leave permanent,distinct lines upon the stage for use with the location finders now tobe described.

I have devised two eneral forms of location finders, one form beingillustrated in Figure 5 and the other in Figure 6. In Figure 5, I haveshown what I call the fixed parallelogram location finder. This is madeof thinmetal or other equivalent material and is in the form of arectangular frame designated generally 20. This frame is cut out at thecenter as at 21 to form a rectangular opening the size of a standardslide as used with miscroscopes. In Figure 5, the frame is closed on allsides. In Figure 6, the frame is open 011 one side, but in either formof the device, the frame has a length the same as the length ofastandard miscroscope slide so that the slide fits between the arms 22,these arms being connected by the longitudinally extending portion 23.Each of these parallelogram location finders bears on its longitudinalinside edges, scales or graduations preferably in millimeters. I do notwish to be limited tothe graduations on the scales, but as illustrated,the longitudinal limeters or any desired fraction. It will be noted thatthe same graduations are used upon each of the location finders shown inFigures 5 and 6.

It will be understood that the starting point of the horizontal scaleand of the vertical scale is at the inside corner of the frameconstituting the finder, that is, at the junction of the horizontal withthe vertical arm. Either of these location finders shown in Figures 5and 6 may be made of a flat piece of metal or each may have one endturned at right angles to bear against the edge of the stage and thus bekept parallel to the zero lines of the stage such as the zero lines 11and 12.

Figure ;7. IshO-Wean ,aliustahlellocation finder. This is 'morecomplicated, r nere expensive than the location findersishomn in Figuresand 6.' This location finder is formed .oftQW'o members :24 and325. The

iemberfie is provided with :a head: 26 end, the inner face of thiszhead'ib: at right angles to :the side edges-f the portion 2a :andprojecting outward from :this'qportion 24. fBesting ;aga-inst z-thisahead :is she lilader25. This :blade is preferably slotted at2271=and anadjusting screw; 28; :itends vdown throughatheslot-27 and through@theblade :24 and is provided with a nut 18 as SllQWgl'l lIl Fiigu re 9-and withia stageengagingsprin gf'l 7. The *blade :has zero .inarlr. atits nni dd-le and Agraduations extending ifrorn this ,rro marl: inopposite directions, athese graduw tions being shownaas indicatinglO-millimeter distances between the figures, the .spaeebe tween thesemain .graduations being inwturn graduated 11' n'=niilli1netcrs or otherfractions,

The vertical :inember 24: is also graduatedin y millimeters, the 'Zeroline i for rthese Vgraduation s being the inner edge of the'blade 12-5.Opposed-tothe-:bladew25 isa spring finger or :MZTHQQipiVOtd at-SO andurged downward :by a spring The spring 'fingerpatdts ipivotalxpoint:isspaced from the blade-a dis- ;tance 'suflicientn-to receiveanordinary slide, the spring-finger bear.ing; against this slide andurging-iteagainst the blade-525. There may be one or more oftheclamping-springs -17an1ounted upon thisiinderso asatoliol it inp'la'ce'on the stage-:andpyet all :TV'-'lllt moved wl-iack-and forth onathe stage microscope. v I The'bla'de 125 isslottcd-soithat-it may beshifted alongitndinally with relation :to izt'he -rnernber Mandihnst-he' zeromar rorrigraduation on "the bladef 25 may be *brought intocorrect 'alinement or zoo-incidence 'Wiiill -:.the fzero'imarlc 11 on:the stage. l' Orwhileithe member 24 bears against the side edge ofthe-stage. This'location finder shown in Figure 7 might :itselfcbe usedas .llIlEAIDlElI'lZGIifi-Dl marking on the 'stagert he horizontal and.vert'i cal ,zero vlines or theaccoinpanying intermediate lines. Thezero lines; are, '-however, :niuchumoro caccurate'ly determined: by: theuse of theethin- 1 her metal line ina rkersshown Fi gure 4 a s becauseof its being of thinner metal. aalno-re definite disposit on m awbeobtained an d it ma'y be" adjusted, therefore, lnore accurately ht-0give *1 the" zero lines theira absolutely curate: position asintersecting the: optical :axisrofthe stage.

The p'osition of any slide with "relat onsto the 1 stage new be:determined: midi recorded with ei ther "(as these two types of locationfinder-s (that type shown in! Figures 5 and- 6 o1 that'typeshoWnZinPEigure 7 by indicating onthe slide itself 015E011?ailahelattached 'ithereto the e'rtical and horizontal arm rea d- 'ingswhen the desired object. or sfieldi of sight necessary nor is'ginthecenter of tth field of siisi n- Fo example, a slideghawing indicatedthereon 1a reae1ingnL3 /i2wsuldimean theti itlieiherizontal :armefitlieiindieator (either that shown in fEig uze 45,16 or {7-) wwas- -sodisposed that zthglll1l9-l lfl34 ena-the ileiit s d of zerowasceineidentw' *th QEOFli lB onzthe. stage and 5th at iii.theggraduation 12 ion {the vertical ariniofrthe finder was coincidenceWill m D zero mark en the stage ,that th n the earticlilar ohjectindicated on that-slide would be disposed accnr tely beneath the opticalanistof ithe inst nent. wWith this adjustment ofzthe its, the lowerencl-,-oftheslid would {be twelve millimeters -;b elor the :hor-i'zontal --zero .line; of the :stage and the 3 obj cat will fleeapproximately six millimeters irons one side of the lateral edge of ,thestage. Similarly, a slide having a positifin Written thereon;of;-1fZ/3lmillimeters indicates that ,the ri ght. corner of the slide,is the 2 key co, 1111GT andi that rits po'si-tion in order (to findtheob- ;i -ect on ons -slide,-, shonldi;be. s4 -millimetersto the rightof, themer cal zeroiline. or itllc zero ,za-nd the horizontal :arm andtwelve i metersirhclew ther horizontal; lined h stage- Itvwill-beseentlk3-tvWith'eitheri :these locationfinders,ttha tyiseitherithert eel own vi n Eigures5-.-and-.-6- QIi=l3ll&l3' shownin I 1means is provided gforsecnringeaz i-yer ally applicable location recordfor any rsldc, which be taken. directly While the slide ;is-;-act1-ially in ":llSB by --t.he Worker as it-lies naturally, on, thestage. Noextra avorln isrequired no Sringing vofgtheiobject, 1 0 :re-.ineval of ithe ondensersqori diaphragnis -is time-consumingverification; ofi-zthe; location of the. object of: interest.withinz-the ringenclosuias afterzthe ring is rmade aseisnsane-necessary. V moi-locate .or-iobserveyanew anyggiyen 00bject, pointor area on a slide, it is onlyneces- .saryi to placee'the slide initherlocatio'nqfinder a-nd-1Inovetit sojthatthel keycorner; lies at thespecified. distances from ;the 1 horizontal and merticalr'izerio lines.If care, isetakcn in the criginahrcading ofrthe slide position reloca-:tion will; beyeryn-easy, a matter ,otseconds only, saving: much ,7.time .and annoyance, ,as this v11 nethod;limits--, the field ofsearchato approximately; one square-.millimeten .or "less, Tllhisdirect? location-v method; described 5 above -is1-not possibleuw ith themo-re expensive; and complex ime'chanical stages :now: often! gllSBdewithmicroscopes,evemwhen they are permanently attached to the stage, asbothetheir positions-on the'stage and their scalenumberiing aregarbitrarily ,determined and are not vbased onthe .izerol lines ashereimdescribed,

and-havens definite unicEorm relation tetherw optical? axis of themicroscope; Enor, are readein'gs withsuoh mechanical-stages directly, if

at all, interchangeable for-other microscopes,

;cquippd=aWith mechanical; stages, as is the case with records made withlocation ,findfi measurements based on the zero lines passing throughthe optical axis.

Furthermore, where ringing is used, special regions, points or objects(by india ink, wax, or glass cutting pencils,) such ringing. may obscureimportant adjacent areas on the slide, and it is practically impossibleand at all times difficult to properly ring a slide or an object on theslide where high power objectives are being used and articularly withimmersion oil on the slide or with unremovable condensers.

I do not wish to be limited to the exact construction illustrated, as itis obvious that many changes might be made within the purview of thisinvention, without departing from the principle of the invention asstated in the claims.

I claim 1. Means forlocating an object on a microscope slide including amicroscope stage having longitudinal and transverse zero-lines disposedat right angles to each other and disposed so as to intersect eachother, at the optical axis of the microscope and means associated withthe slide and coacting with said zero lines for determining the positionof a predetermined point on said slide with reference to saidlongitudinal and transverse zero lines of the stage.

2. Means for locating an object on a mi croscope slide including amicroscope stage having longitudinal and transverse Zerol ines disposedat right angles to each other and disposed so as to intersect each otherat the optical axis of the microscope, and means graduated in directionsat right angles to each other and coacting with said zero lines, fordetermining the position of a predetermined point on said slide withreference to the longitudinal and transverse zero-lines on the stage.

3. Means for locating an object on a microscope slide including amicroscope stage having longitudinal and transverse zeroeach other andrelated to said zero lines for determining the position of one side edgeof the slide with reference to the longitudinal Zero line on the stageand determining the position of one end edge of the slide with referenceto the transverse Zero line on the stage. l. Means for locating anobject on a microscope slide including a miscroscope stage havinglongitudinal and transverse zerolines disposed at right angles to eachother to intersect at the optical axis of the microscope, and graduatedmeans for determining the position of said slide on the stage includinga frame within which the slide is placed having 'two arms at rightangles to each othravens er, the frame being entirely separate from thestage and being fully movable relative thereto, the two arms and oneside edge of the frame being graduated.

5. Means for locating an object on a microscope slide, including amicroscope stage having longitudinal and transverse zerolines at rightangles to each other, said lines being disposed to intersect at theoptical axis of of the microscope, and graduated means, extending atright angles to each other, for determining the distance of one cornerof said slide from each of said zero lines. v

6. Means for locating an object on a microscope slide including amicroscope stage having longitudinal and. transverse Zero-lines disposedat right angles to each other to intersect at the optical axis of themicroscope, and graduated means for determining the position of saidslide on the stage, including aframe, entirely separate from and fullymovable upon and over said stage, within which frame the slide is placedand having two arms at right angles to each other, one of the arms beinglong to ext-end along the side edge of the slide and the other beingshort to extend along the end edge of the slide, the long and short armsbeing graduated whereby the frame may be shifted to bring a graduationof either set of graduations into coincidence with said zero linesrespectively.

7. Means for locating an object on a microscope slide including amicroscope stage h aving longitudinal and transverse zero lines disposedat right angles toeach other to intersect the optical axis of themicroscope, and means for disposing a microscope slice at anypredetermined point on said stage includin g a. slide engaging framehaving a long arm to restupon the stage and engage against the long sideof the slide and a short arm to rest against the end edge'of the slide,the long and short arm having graduations, any one of said graduationsof the long and short arm respectively being adapted to be brought intocoincidence with the longitudinal or transverse zero lines respectively,said frame having a clamp whereby it may be engaged with the stage andheld in its adjusted position.

8. Means for locating an object on a microscope slide including amicroscope stage having longitudinal and transverse zero lines disposedat right angles to each other to intersect the optical axis of themicroscope, and means for disposing the microscope slide at anypredetermined point on said stage including a slide engaging framehaving a long arm to rest upon the stage and engage against the longside of the slide and a short arm to rest against the end edge of thestage, the long and short arm having gra-duations, any one of saidgraduations of the long and short arm respectively being adapted to bebrought into coincidence with the longitudinal or transverse zero linesrespectively, said frame having a clamp whereby it may be engaged withthe stage and heldin its adjusted position, the long arm beinglongitudinally adjustable upon the short arm.

9. Means for locating an object on a microscope slide including amicroscope stage having longitudinal and transverse zero lines disposedat right angles to each other to lntersect the optlcal axis of themicroscope, and

means for disposing the microscope slide at any predetermined point onsaid stage including a slide engaging frame having a long arm to restupon the stage and engage against the long side of the slide and a shortarm to rest against the end edge of the stage, the long and short armseach having graduations, any-one of said graduations of the long andshort arm respectively being adapted to be brought into coincidence withthe longitudinal or transverse zero lines respectively, the short arm atone end beingprovided with a head having an edge face at right angles tothe long arm, the long arm resting against said edge face and beinglongitudinally slotted, a bolt passin through said slot and connectingthe long arm to the short arm'whereby the long arm may be longitudinallyadjusted.

10. Means for locating an object on a microscope slide including amicroscope stage having longitudinal and transverse zero lines disposedat right angles to each other to intersect the optical axis of themicroscope, and means for disposing the microscope slide at anypredetermined point on said stage including a slide engaging framehaving a long armto rest upon the stage and engage againstthelongside ofthe slide and a-short arm to rest against the end edge of the stage, thelong and short arm having graduations, any one of said gradu ations ofthe long and short arm respectively being adapted to be brought intocoincidence with the longitudinal or transverse zero lines respectively,the short arm at one end being provided with a head having an edge'faceat right angles to the long arm, the long arm resting against said edgeface and being longitudinally slotted, a bolt passing throughsaid slotand connecting the long arm to the short arm whereby the long arm may belongitudinally adjusted, and a spring member mounted upon the oppositeend of the short arm and adapted to engage the edge of the microscope Vslide and force it toward the long arm.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature 7 CHARLES F. SULZNER.

